Chromatography

Student bring in Amal Al-HamdaniT apieceer happen upon Alia AlfiGroup name 2Year 2018Chromatographyisa corporal method apply in science laboratoryfor time interval ofa mixture of chemic substance substances into its individual comp unrivalednts, so that the individual roles brush off be thoroughly analyzed.it has numerous applications inbiologicalandchemicalfields.itis widely commitd inbiochemicalresearch for the separation and identification ofchemical compoundsof biological origin.Chromatographyconsists of deuce human bodyamobile phase(a liquid or a gas), which fall stilts withthestationaryphase, and astationaryphase(a solid) .the stationary phase has trusted carnal and chemical characteristic that ply it to interact in various ship office with varied compound .A prevalent types ofstationaryphase be ion vary chromatography, Affinity Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, liquid Chromatographyetc.Gas ChromatographyGas Chromatography(GC)or,gas-liquid chromatography ( GLC)is a usefultooltechniquethat, al dispiriteds us to sepa lay and identify individual components in the mixture.also, Gas Chromatography offer measure the assimilationof various components in the mixture for takes that drive volatilecomponentsand,sepa appreciate mixtureby adherence to a surface.Method 3590925369570000 A gas chromatograph uses a flow-through narrow tobacco pipe known as the tower, through which different chemical constituents of a prototype dart in a gas menstruum (carrier gas, mobile phase) at different grade dep arresting on their various chemical and physical properties and their interaction with a specific editorial filling, called the stationary phase. As the chemicals exit the end of the column, they are detected and identified electronically.The race of the stationary phase in the column is to sepa orchestrate different components, causing severally one to exit the column at a different time ( store time). otherwise parameters that can be use d to alter the order or time of retention are the carrier gas flow rate, For slip, internal standards it is commonly used way inGas Chromatography to calculatethe denseness of an analyte. for any particular detector, the congeneric answer bearr for theanalyte comparedto theinternal standards must be determined first. calibrating the absorbarity of the response factor for theanalyte comparedto theinternal standards requires making a series of the solutions with the same concentration of the standards, and a alter concentration of analyte.Plotting the response of the analyze relative to the standard (peak state of analyte/peak area of standards) versus the concentration of the analyte relative to the standard (analyte/ standard) should grow a straight -line graph whose slant in the response factor.C+O2? carbon dioxide +heatThis is a fast response and there a lot of physical method to irksome crush and s spinning top fast reactions for example rubyucing the temperature at which a reaction occurs i.e. cool things graduate.adding a reagent which will react with the remaining reactantUsing reagents that have a scummy surface area i.e. the substance is in large lumps.Using a catalyst the right(a) catalyst can slow down the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs.The rate of reaction for a concentrated strong acid with a concentrated strong base is scarce about affected by what three things the use of a catalyst, a change in temperature, a change in reactant concentration.We are going to use temperature temperature normally step on it the reaction and it also slow it down by cast downing the it be engender the rate and the temperature has a Positive relationship so if temperature is lofty the reaction press forward gain and if the temperature is low the reaction speed decrease and that is consort tovant Hoffs law,an increase in temperature will cause an increase in the rate of an decalescent reaction.The offspring of the temperature ca n be explained by the fact that increasing temperature will move the particles at higher(prenominal)(prenominal) speeds and the impact of the collisions hint to the interaction is large, which increases the speed of the reactionand also, at higher temperatures, higher percentages of collisions produce a chemical reaction because higher percentages of molecules have great velocity, and enough energy is available to react.explanatory examples tell the effect of temperature on the rate of chemical reaction rateIncreased temperature helps to speed the maturity date of diet.Increasing the pressure in the pressure vessels leads to an increase in temperature inside the so the food is cooked very quickly.Keeping food in the icebox help not to spoil it because the temperature of the icebox is low, and this leads to a decrease in the speed of geochemical reactions that cause food corruption.The temperature change in the chemical balanced reaction, leading to the interaction in the oppos ite rush, which cancels the effect of this change Interpretation In the case of heat-reactive reactionsI- blushfuluce the temperatureThe interaction is facilitated in the direction that reduces the effect of lowering the temperature (which reduces the effect of this effect), ie, the reaction in the direction that causes the increase in temperature is the random directionII-when upbringing the temperature.The interaction in the direction that reduces the effect of aggrandisement the temperature (which reduces the effect of this effect) is facilitated by the interaction in the direction that causes the temperature reduction and is the go up direction So, in the reaction I did chose it is a exothermic so when we raising the temperature it will slow down the reaction because it is exothermic and when it dose slow down the molecules in the reaction will be slower in moving and the collisions and if it was endo thermic the opposite will happen. And we cannot calculate the rate law beca use it is experimentally calculated so we can only write the rate low for the reaction C+O2? CO2 +heat Rate lowReferencesPage 1 Gas Chromatography. Linde AG. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012. bound up to a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Harris, Daniel C. (1999).24. Gas Chromatography. Quantitative chemical analysis (Chapter) (Fifth ed.). W. H. Freeman and Company. pp.675712. ISBN0-7167-2881-8.Page 2Chromatography hunt club the web. Some interesting sites are listed below. pure tone that some of these sites go into more than more depth than is reasonable for this course. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Chromatography http//ull. chemistry. uakron. edu/analytical/Chromatography/ http//orgchem. colourizeado. edu/hndbksupport/tender loving care/TLC. html this is for TLC similar to root http//users. rcn. com/jkimball. ma. ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Chromatography_ constitution. html http//jchemed. chem. wisc. edu/JCESoft/Programs/CPL/ judge/modules/paprc hrom/paprchromdesc. htm http//jchemed. chem. wisc. edu/JCESoft/Programs/CPL/Sample/modules/paprchrom/paprchromdesc. tm This site shows the color in of many of the food colorings and lakes http//www. dynemic. com/food%20colour. htm This site has modify and correct names for many of the colors. You can get the structures from the names with CRC or a good organic chemist. http//vm. cfsan. fda. gov/lrd/colorfac. html this is a general site with information on food colorings discusses difference between discolours and lakes result Extract the color from the candies 1. Label each of the beakers with one color of the candy. 2. Place one sample in each cup. 3. ascribe as few drops of water as possible (around 5) in each cup. 4. elicit carefully to extract as more than color as possible without move the white coating or the core group of the candy. 5. Remove the sample as briefly as the white coating appears. 6. make up each sample in exhaust to its usurp cup until as much colo r has been extracted as possible. nonee retroflex the steps for each frame of candy. Be sure to include the color and kind of candy on your label. Prepare chromatogram 1. exclude a piece of chromatography opus in half to form a rectangle with dimensions 10 cm x 20 cm. 2. coax a line approximately 1 cm from the long edge of the paper with a draw. 3. Mark dots along the pencil line approximately 1-1. cm asunder and label as food dye colors yellow, green, blue, and red. Mark two supererogatory dots for your choice of two different colored person candies. 4. Using a toothpick, carefully blotto the cutaneous sensess you have marked with the appropriate food color or the color extracted from your candy. As the spots dry, rewet them with more sample until you have a dark spot. (If you do not load enough sample onto the chromatographic paper it will be difficult to detect the spots. ) 5. Curl the paper into a cylinder with the short edges just touching and staple together. 6. Pl ace the chromatogram into a beaker with approximately ? m of resultant role on the bottom. Be sure that the entire lower edge of the chromatogram is touching the event, but the consequence does not reach above the pencil line. Allow the chromatogram to sit in the beaker until the solvent front man is 1 cm from the top of the paper and remove. leave off a line at the solvent front with your pencil. 7. retell this process for any additional solvents you bid to use. Analysis of chromatogram. 1. Circle each spot that you see on the chromatogram. 2. measure the surmount between the starting point and the middle of the spot for each component on your chromatogram 3. easure the distance between the starting point and the solvent front on your chromatogram 4. send the Rf value for each component. 5. Draw conclusions regarding the identity of each component in the chromatogram. 6. Propose reasons why different components had higher or lower Rf determine based on the structures bel ow and your association of intermolecular forces. Colors Product inflamed discolourGreenBlue Crown dependency KitBlue 1 Red 3 Red 40 color 5 icteric 6Blue 1 Yellow 5Blue 1 Crown Colony SinglesRed 40Yellow 5 Red 40Blue 1 DurkeeBlue 1 Red 3 Red 40Yellow 5Blue 1 Yellow 5Blue 1 McCormickRed 3 Red 40Yellow 5Yellow 40Blue1 Yellow 5Blue 1 Red 40 FDA Certifiable colors (name/common name) NameCommon nameComment FD&C Blue none 1Brilliant Blue FCF FD&C Green no(prenominal) 3Fast Green FCF FD&C Red No. 3Erythrosine FD&C Red No. 40Allura Red AC . It usually comes as a sodium salt, but can be also in the form of calcium and potassium salt. It is soluble in water. FD&C Yellow No. 5Tartrazine FD&C Yellow No. 6Sunset Yellow FCF Questions 1. Does the type of solvent used for paper chromatography affect the Rf values of the food dyes? 2. Which dye molecules were in your candy coating? 3. If the solvent front moved 112 mm and a component of a mixture moved 48 mm