Mother tongue education Essay Example for Free

Mother tongue education EssayMercator International Symposium Europe 2004 A new framework for all languages? The mightily to mother tongue medium education-the hot potato in human refines instruments Address by Dr. Tove Skutnabb-Kangas in Opening Plenary As long as we have the language, we have the culture. As long as we have the culture, we jackpot hold on to the land. (pg. 1) In an article called Justice for sale.International law favours grocery store values, Mireille DelmasMarty (2003) discusses the danger in the conflict between legal concepts based on, on the one hand, oecumenical merchandise values , on the other hand, genuinely universal non -market values. The genuinely universal non -market values obviously include individual and collective human rights, as a part of the universal common heritage of humanity. til now if philosophy of both human rights law and philosophically oriented parts of political science now start accepting that in that respect shouldbe n ormative rights in relation to at least some parts of this heritage (in their terminology common public assets), the legal protection of market values is incommensurably stronger than the protection of non-market values. DelmasMarty exemplifies this with the item that there is no universal international court that individuals could turn to when their (non -market value based) human rights have been violated.Individual rights be entirely a matter for states, and reports are the only form of monitoring (ibid. ). And if this monitoring, which I have exemplified with the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention, does not support educational linguistic human rights strongly, there is a problem. On the other hand, laws based on market values are being spread by more or less orbiculate organizations like the WTO (World Trade Organisation) and, it seems to me, heretofore more dangerously, WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organisation) 25. These laws are being developed extremely rapidly, with harsh sanctions for violations.-(pg. 13) Economist Francois Grin offers through his reciprocation of market failure in his book about the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (2003b) excellent arguments for resisting market dominance for public or common assets/goods like cultural products Even mainstream economics ac familiarity that there are some cases where the market is not enough. These cases are called market failure. When there is market failure, the unregulated interplay of supply and demand results in an ina ppropriate level of production of some commodity (Grin 2003b 35).In Grins hatful, many public goods, including minority language protection, are typically under supplied by market forces (ibid. ). The level becomes inappropriately low. Therefore it is the duty of the state(s) to take extra measures to increase it. (pg. 14) Each language reflects a unique world- view and culture complex, mirroring the manner in which a speech community ha s resolved its problems in dealing with the world, and has formulated its thinking, its system of philosophy and understanding of the world or so it.In this, each language is the means of expression of the intangible cultural heritage of people, and it remains a reflection of this culture for some time even after the culture which underlies it decays and crumbles, very much under the impact of an intrusive, powerful, vernacularly metropolitan, different culture. However, with the death and disappearance of such a language, an irreplaceable unit in our knowledge and understanding of human thought and world- view is lost forever. (Wurm, ed. 2001 13). (pg.17) As long as a numerically small mother tongue does not provide you a better job with a higher salary than shifting to a numerically and politically more powerful language, there are, according to this authority of arguing, hardly a(prenominal) arguments to maintain these mother tongues (and bilingualism is often not considere d as a real option the thinking here is often either/or). (pg. 18) I have in the beginning (Skutnabb -Kangas in press e) claimed that most of these arguments are presented by researchers who tend to write in English and be native speakers of one of the numerically big languages themselves, often English.This does not necessarily mean that they are monolingual themselves, and many of them are global research nomads, holding jobs all over the world, often making the usual rounds in rapid succession, from Britain or USA or Canada to Sydney or Singapore or Hongkong, etc. This means that these researchers have mostly never experienced that their induce dominant allele language has bee n threatened. It seems that many dominant language speakers are much less aware than dominated language speakers of the non -market values of their deliverlanguages, and, consequently, of other peoples own languages.At the same time, they are often not aware (or do not want to be aware) of the market be nefits that they themselves have access to because of being speakers of dominant languages. Often they take both these benefits and the fact that others are learning their language in a non -reciprocal way, for granted, and are not willing to in any way compensate speakers of dominated languages for these non -earned benefits they are linguistic free-riders as Philippe van Parijs puts it (2003 167).This compensation would obviously be fair, even in terms of thetypes of justice that many lawyers accept. several(prenominal) researchers have started discussing issues in these economic compensation terms (e. g. Grin 2003b, 2004, van Parijs 2003). (pg. 19) Another partially overlapping distinction, also made by Grin (e. g. 2003b 24-27), can be used to bridge the gap betwe en social market value and non -market value arguments.In describing arguments used to answer the question why anybody, including connection as a whole, should bother about maintaining (minority) languages, Grin diffe rentiates between moral considerations arguments and welfare considerations arguments . Most of the legal discourse, including the linguistic human rights considerations, refer to norms about the right tolive in ones own language, even if the extent of the ensuing rights is debated (ibid. 24- 25). In contrast, the emphasis of the welfare based argument is not on whether something is morally good or bad, but on whether resources are appropriately allocated.The test of an appropriate allocation of resources is whether society is better off as a result of a form _or_ system of government . (pg. 20) Moral or political principles, even if they are sometimes described as human rights, are not necessarily part of internationallaw. They are things that governments should do, if they are nice, not something they must do. Being nice is not a very convincing argument and is less persuasive than rights and freedoms that have the weight of the law groundwork them. (pg. 20)